Plantar Fasciitis – Heel Spur
Andreas Leonidou
Orthopaedic Surgeon
56 Kifisias Ave. & Delfon St.,
Marousi, 15125
- Marousi
- Conservative Treatment
- Surgical Treatment
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Plantar fasciitis (heel spur – runner’s heel) is a common foot condition characterised by inflammation and irritation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that extends along the arch of the foot, connecting the heel bone to the toes. Plantar fasciitis is quite painful and affects people of all ages, although it is more common in middle-aged individuals and athletes – especially runners and high-demand athletes. The plantar fascia is a key shock-absorbing mechanism of the foot.
Plantar Fasciitis: Causes
The exact cause of plantar fasciitis is not fully understood, but several factors have been identified that may contribute to its development:
Overuse: Excessive use of the foot, especially during activities involving prolonged standing, walking, or running, can strain the plantar fascia and cause small tears in the tissue, leading to inflammation and pain.
Abnormal foot mechanics: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as flat feet, high arches, or an abnormal gait, can place excessive stress on the plantar fascia and lead to the development of plantar fasciitis.
Obesity: Excessive body weight can place increased pressure on the plantar fascia, leading to inflammation and pain.
Inappropriate footwear: Wearing shoes that do not provide adequate support or are worn out can also contribute to the development of plantar fasciitis.
Tight calf muscles: Tight calf muscles (gastrocnemius, Achilles tendon) increase tension on the fascia and lead to inflammation and pain.
Heel spur: Heel spurs often coexist in patients, although they are not the primary cause of the condition.
Plantar Fasciitis: Symptoms
The symptoms of plantar fasciitis may vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms include:
Pain: The most common symptom of plantar fasciitis is pain on the bottom of the foot, especially near the heel. Pain is often worse in the morning or after a period of rest and may improve with activity but worsen again after prolonged use.
Stiffness – difficulty moving: Many people with plantar fasciitis experience stiffness in the foot, particularly in the morning or after a period of rest.
Swelling: In some cases, the plantar fascia may become swollen and tender to touch.
Plantar Fasciitis: Diagnosis
A patient with plantar fasciitis requires assessment by an Orthopaedic Surgeon. Dr Leonidou will take a detailed medical history and examine you. The doctor may perform an ultrasound scan for the final diagnosis and will discuss the recommended treatment options with you. Occasionally, further investigations such as plain X-rays or an MRI scan may be required to investigate other possible causes of the symptoms.
Plantar Fasciitis: Treatment
The treatment of plantar fasciitis usually includes a combination of self-care measures and medical interventions. The following are some of the most common treatment options:
Rest: Resting the foot and avoiding activities that worsen symptoms is one of the most important aspects of plantar fasciitis treatment.
Ice: Applying ice to the area can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Ice should be applied for 15–20 minutes at a time, five times a day.
Stretching: Common stretches include gastrocnemius stretches and plantar fascia stretches, 5–10 times per day.
Proper footwear and insoles: Wearing shoes that provide adequate support and shock absorption can help relieve pressure on the plantar fascia. The use of silicone insoles often helps further improve symptoms.
Medication: In cases of severe pain, treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is recommended.
Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy helps patients recover more quickly.
Injection therapy: In persistent cases that do not improve with conventional conservative treatment, injection with biological factors, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, helps with recovery.
Surgical Treatment: In rare cases, surgery may be recommended to release the plantar fascia or lengthen the gastrocnemius muscle.
Plantar Fasciitis: Prevention
The following are some tips for preventing plantar fasciitis:
Wear appropriate footwear: Wearing shoes that fit properly, provide adequate support, and have good shock absorption can help prevent plantar fasciitis. Avoid high heels, as they can place excessive pressure on the plantar fascia.
Regular stretching: Regularly stretching the calf muscles and the bottom of the feet can help maintain flexibility of the plantar fascia and prevent injury. Stretching should always be performed.
Maintain a healthy weight: Maintaining a healthy weight through exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent this condition.
Increase activity gradually: If you are starting a new exercise routine or increasing the intensity of your current routine, do so gradually to avoid excessive stress on your feet.
Take breaks: If your job requires prolonged standing, take breaks to sit down and rest your feet. If possible, try to alternate between sitting and standing throughout the day.
Insoles: If you have flat feet or high arches, using shoe insoles can help provide additional support and prevent plantar fasciitis.
Avoid hard surfaces: Avoid walking or standing on hard surfaces, such as concrete or tiled floors, for long periods. If you must walk or stand on hard surfaces, wear shoes with good cushioning and support.
If you have foot pain, consult the specialist Orthopaedic Surgeon Dr Andreas Leonidou. For more information and appointments, please contact us.
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